Polio Vaccine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Polio Vaccine - Research Paper Example Polio victims constitute the vulnerable members of the population such as young children, pregnant women and people suffering from low immunity weakened by other medical conditions. Other risk factors associated with polio transmission include visiting polio prone areas, living with people suffering from the infection, working in the laboratory where scientists have kept live polio virus and removing tonsils. Poliovirus enters the environment through feces of an infected person. Transmission occurs through fecal-oral route via contaminated food and water. Additionally, direct contact with a victim can cause the transmission of poliovirus. People who stay close to one another for some time can experience the transfer of the virus from the infected to the new victim since it is highly contagious. The worst symptoms of polio are paralysis and death. Nonparalytic polio causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache and sore throat, vomiting, back and neck pain and muscle spasms, which last for a few days (John & Vashishtha, 2012). Forms of Polio Vaccines The forms of polio vaccines that have been recommended include inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine IPV consists of a series of injections, which begin at two months after birth and continue until a child attains the age of four to six years. The reason for administering three spaced dozes is to generate adequate levels of seroconversion. Most countries consider adding a booster dose during adulthood. The inactivated poliovirus vaccine is created from inactivated poliovirus. Inactive poliovirus is safe and effective, thus cannot cause polio. Inactivated polio vaccine is made from killed wild-type poliovirus strains of each serotype. Doctors recommend lone dissemination for IPV or

Definition of Art by scholars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Definition of Art by scholars - Essay Example It can be deduced the amount of subjectivity involved as elements of beauty and experience both depends on the viewers’ perspectives. During the classical period, art’s meaning focused on the craft or skill, giving credence to its clear definition as: ""the product of a body of knowledge, most often using a set of skills" (Art Encyclopedia: Classical, par. 1). The famous artists of the time were Leonardo Da Vinci and Michaelangelo. Da Vinci’s â€Å"the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper occupy unique positions as the most famous, most reproduced and most parodied portrait and religious painting of all time, their fame approached only by Michelangelos Creation of Adam† (Leonardo Da Vinci, par. 3). The post-Renaissance period highlighted the aesthetic value of art as contrasted to other art forms of various functions or uses. Accordingly, â€Å"by the end of the 19th century, art was separated into at least two broad categories: namely, fine art and the rest - a situation that reflected the cultural snobbery and moral standards of the European establishment† (Art: Post Renaissance, par. 3). One of the most prominent artists of the time was Peter Paul Rubins with his Fall of Phaeton, the Battle of Anghiari, and Elevation of the Cross, all manifesting the need to â€Å"add action, and emotion, scenes painted in the instant of a moment. Combining these things with a strong contrast of light and dark adding rich colors† (Art history: Baroque, par. 9). During the early 20th century, art’s definition was strategically broadened in styles and techniques. As emphasized, â€Å"artists suddenly found themselves with far greater freedom to create paintings and sculpture according to their own subjective values. In fact, one might say that from this point "art" started to become ‘indefinable’† (Art Encyclopedia: 20th century, par. 1). The famous artists of the period were â€Å"Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gogan, and Seu rat.